Nomenclature
A |
cross-sectional flow area of a pipe |
cp |
specific heat, constant pressure |
CD |
discharge coefficient |
CV |
valve coefficient |
CHW |
Hazen-Williams factor |
D |
diameter of a pipe |
f |
friction factor |
fT |
turbulent friction factor (used by Crane, 1988Crane Co., Flow of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings, and Pipe, Technical Paper No. 410, Crane Co., Joliet, IL, 1988.) |
fL |
laminar friction factor |
fTr |
transition friction factor |
F |
error value in mass balance |
Fr |
Froude number |
g |
gravitational constant |
h |
convection coefficient |
h |
enthalpy |
H |
head |
HGL |
hydraulic gradeline (same as head) |
J |
Jacobian matrix |
k |
thermal conductivity |
K |
loss factor |
K |
constant for Power Law fluid |
Ksprinkler |
fire sprinkler loss factor |
L |
length of a pipe |
ṁ |
mass flow rate |
n |
general constant |
n |
constant for Power Law fluid |
Nu |
Nusselt Number |
P |
pressure, static |
Ph |
heated perimeter |
Po |
pressure, stagnation |
Pw |
wetted perimeter |
q |
heat rate to a pipe |
Q |
volumetric flow rate |
q" |
heat flux |
r |
radius |
r |
relaxation |
R, R’ |
resistance |
Rc |
coefficient of rigidity |
Re |
Reynolds Number |
Rh |
Hydraulic radius (equal to radius divided by 2) |
s |
pump speed |
S |
Submergence |
S |
Hydraulic gradeline gradient |
Sy |
yield stress |
T |
temperature |
U |
overall heat transfer coefficient |
V |
velocity |
x |
distance along pipe centerline |
z |
elevation |
a, m, q |
angle |
b |
diameter ratio |
e |
roughness |
n |
kinematic viscosity |
ρ |
density |
μ |
dynamic viscosity |
Subscripts
i |
junction at which solution is sought |
j |
junctions with pipes connecting to junction i |
o |
stagnation |
∞ |
infinity, far away, ambient |