Tee/Wye Junction Complexity

Tee/wye junctions contain powerful and sophisticated models for determining the pressure losses at flow splits and converging flow streams. This power comes at the cost of additional model complexity. The complexity can lead to convergence problems in models with numerous tees. Here are a couple of recommendations.

Tee/Wye junctions have two loss options: Simple and Detailed. The Simple loss model ignores losses at the tee. The Detailed model uses the correlation summarized in the Tee/Wye Loss topic. The potential convergence problems occur when using the Detailed loss model.

The potential problem is not with the Detailed tee model itself. Rather, it is due to multiple tees coupling together in such a way that AFT Impulse cannot converge on all of the flow splits. A common issue with detailed tees is having the pipes connected in the Properties window differently than how connections are set up in the workspace. Make sure to double check those connections before running the models.

You can quickly and easily check if a convergence problem is being caused by tees. Using the Global Junction Edit window, you can change all tees to the Simple loss model and rerun the model. If it now converges then the problem was likely due to the use of Detailed tee modeling.

Experience has shown that this problem can frequently be resolved by using absolute tolerance criteria in the Tolerance panel rather than relative tolerance if the issue only involves the steady-state convergence.

You also have the option of just using the Simple (lossless) tee model for all tees. In many systems the loss due to tees/wyes is negligible, especially for systems which see significant loss from other components that dominate the system.

Additional configurations for calculation of the Detailed model can be set on the Optional tab to help with convergence using the detailed tee model in the transient. See Tee/Wye Waterhammer Theory for more information.