Warnings For Pipe Force Calculations

Warnings regarding pipe forces may be displayed in several locations:

• Warnings tab of the Output

• Forces tab of the Graph Results

• Export Force File window

Transient Cavitation Modeling

Transient pipe forces calculated in Impulse attempt to capture the hydraulic loading on a series of pipes caused by a pressure wave moving through those pipes. Transient cavitation can cause significant pressure waves in a system while also adding inherent uncertainty to the results. These factors combine such that transient forces calculated while cavitation is present in an Impulse model are also uncertain and should be treated with caution. For more information, see the discussion on Interpreting Cavitation Results.

Variable Density

If the density is different between pipes due to using Variable Fluid Properties, AFT Impulse cannot accurately account for the pressure differences that affect force calculations. The magnitude of the error introduced by variable densities across the length of a Force Set is proportional to the density differences.