Reference Positive Flow Direction

Next to each pipe's ID number is an arrow that indicates the reference positive flow direction for the pipe. AFT Impulse assigns a flow direction corresponding to the direction in which the pipe is drawn. You can reverse the reference positive flow direction by choosing Reverse Direction from the Edit menu or selecting the reverse direction button on the Toolbar.

The reference positive flow direction is used for reference purposes only and need not be the actual flow direction. If the reference positive direction is the opposite of that obtained by the Solver, the output will show the flow rate as a negative number.

Convention for Flow Entering and Exiting

Many of the junction types permit fluid flow to come into or pass out of the system in a prescribed manner. The most obvious of these is the reservoir junction. Reservoirs maintain a constant pressure at a node, and the flow adjusts according to the governing equations. While in principle the gas is stored or removed from the reservoir, AFT Impulse considers the gas as coming into or going out of the system. The stored reservoir fluid is not part of the system.

The convention for defining inward or outward flow for the system or any AFT Impulse object is that flow in is positive (that is, the object gains the flow) and flow out is negative (the object loses the flow).