The Venturi junction type requires two connecting pipes. This junction type allows you to model the irrecoverable loss that occurs through a venturi area change, which is frequently used in conjunction with pressure taps in flow measurement devices. It also allows you to specify loss factors as a function of a flow parameter.

The Venturi Properties window follows the first of the two basic Properties window formats, displaying the connecting pipes in a fixed format. The Venturi junction does not have an explicit flow direction, but adopts a flow direction from the connecting pipes.

Loss Models

AFT xStream does not provide any standard venturi loss models. Venturi flow characteristics vary from vendor to vendor, so it is difficult to find generally applicable models. You must enter your own custom venturi loss factor that is consistent with the application. This information should be obtained from the manufacturer or from test data.

For convenience, you can specify constant loss characteristics of a venturi as a discharge coefficient (C_d) or as a loss factor (K).

If you would like to model the pressure loss through the Venturi as varying with the flow rate, select the radio button next to Resistance Curve under the Loss Model tab of the Venturi Properties window. Once Resistance Curve is selected, additional features appear that allow you to input pressure drops versus flow data. To enter this data, you can specify polynomial constants, fit a curve to available data, or use interpolated x-y data.

When a variable loss is specified, AFT xStream modifies the loss factor in the Solver to agree with the solution. You can choose any of the optional flow and pressure parameters provided, along with the most convenient units.

CdA for Sonic Choking

An optional input in the Venturi Properties window is the C_dA for sonic choking. This parameter describes the effective area restriction in the venturi for the purpose of calculating sonic choking. In most cases, information on the C_dA must be obtained from test or manufacturer data.

Note: The C_dA for sonic choking may be different from the subsonic C_dA loss model option in xStream. The discharge coefficient can vary at different pressure ratios due to the vena contracta moving closer to or farther from the orifice restriction. For the highest accuracy the C_dA used for subsonic and sonic losses should be tested and entered separately. See the "Modeling Choked Flow Through an Orifice" white paper on AFT's website for more information.