Nomenclature
a |
sonic speed |
A |
cross-sectional flow area of a pipe |
Cd |
discharge coefficient |
cp |
specific heat, constant pressure |
cv |
specific heat, constant volume |
D |
diameter of a pipe |
e |
internal energy |
f |
friction factor |
F |
Force |
Ff |
Parameter in Equation 18 |
Fg |
Parameter in Equation 18 |
FTo |
Parameter in Equation 18 |
Fg |
Parameter in Equation 18 |
g |
gravitational constant |
h |
internal convection coefficient |
h |
enthalpy, static |
ho |
enthalpy, stagnation |
k |
thermal conductivity |
K |
loss factor |
L |
length of a pipe |
ṁ |
mass flow rate |
M |
Mach number |
n |
constant |
Nu |
Nusselt number |
P |
pressure, static |
Ph |
heater perimeter |
Po |
pressure, stagnation |
Pw |
wetted perimeter |
Pr |
Prandtl number |
q |
heat rate to a pipe |
Q |
volumetric flow rate |
q'' |
heat flux |
r |
radius |
r |
relaxation |
R |
gas constant |
Re |
Reynolds number |
s |
fan speed |
s |
entropy |
T |
temperature, static |
To |
temperature, stagnation |
U |
overall heat transfer coefficient |
v |
specific volume |
V |
volume |
V |
velocity |
w |
work |
x |
distance along pipe centerline |
z |
elevation |
Z |
compressibility factor |
a, m, q |
angle |
β |
diameter ratio |
ε |
roughness |
γ |
specific heat ratio |
μ |
dynamic viscosity |
ρ |
density |
τ |
shear stress |
ω |
rotational velocity |
Subscripts
1 |
location 1 in pipe |
2 |
location 2 in pipe |
i |
junction at which solution is sought |
j |
junctions with pipes connecting to junction i |
o |
stagnation |
∞ |
infinity, far away, ambient |